Kratom and Other Mitragynines: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Opioids from a Non-Opium Source

Authors : Raffa, Robert B
Edition :
Year : 2014
Description :

Features

• Presents an introduction to the chemical and biological properties of alkaloids isolated from Mitragyna speciosa as well as their synthetic analogs
• Explores topics such as phytochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology of M. speciosa
• Reviews the important role that plant-derived alkaloid chemical substances have in the health and toxicity to humans
• Describes current research in computer modeling of the binding to the various opioid receptor sub-types

Summary

Opioids such as morphine, codeine, and oxycodone are extracts or analogs isolated from a single source: the opium poppy. For a long time, it was believed to be nature’s only source of opioids. But it now appears that biological diversity has evolved an alternative source of opioid compounds—those derived from the plant Mitragyna speciosa. This plant, known as Kratom in Thailand or Biak-Biak in Malaysia, has long been used locally as treatment for pain, fever reduction, diarrhea, and even depression.

Kratom and Other Mitragynines: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Opioids from a Non-Opium Source presents an introduction to the chemical and biological properties of alkaloids isolated from M. speciosa as well as their synthetic analogs. The book covers various topics including phytochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology. Current research, analgesic effects, and addiction potential are also discussed. As the first extensive text on the basic science and clinical use of Kratom, the book provides readers with a concise yet comprehensive introduction to nature’s "other opioid."

Table of Contents

1. Why Do Plants Contain Biologically Active Compounds? 
2. Short Overview of Mitragynines; 
3. Psychopharmacological Indole Alkaloids from Terrestrial Plants; 
4. Salvinorin A: Example of a Non-Alkaloidal Bioactive Opioid from a Plant Source;
5. Phytochemistry of Mitragyna speciosa; 
6. Chemistry of Mitragynines: A Brief Introduction; 
7. Chemistry of Mitragyna Compounds; 
8. Medicinal Chemistry Based on Mitragynine; 
9. Chemical Structures of Opioids; 
10. The Detection of Mitragynine and Its Analogs; 
11. The ADME of Mitragynine and Analogs; 
12. Analgesic Effects of Mitragynine and Analogs; 
13. Non-Analgesic CNS Effects; 
14. Other Opioid-Associated Endpoints; 
15. The Kratom Experience From Firsthand Reports; 
16. The Toxicology of Indole Alkaloids
17. Opioid-Induced Adverse Effects and Toxicity; 
18. Toxicology of Mitragynine and Analogs;
19. The Use of Animal Models to Measure Tolerance, Dependence, and Abuse Potential
20. Kratom: The Epidemiology, Use and Abuse, Addiction Potential, and Legal Status

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